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Joseph Toynbee (30 December 1815 – 7 July 1866) was an English otologist, whose career was dedicated to pathological and anatomical studies of the ear. ==Personal life== Joseph Toynbee was born in Heckington, Lincolnshire in 1815. He was the second son of fifteen children of the wealthy land owner and farmer George Toynbee (1783–1865). His first wife and mother of Joseph was Elizabeth Cullen (1785–1829). After several years of private teaching, he attended King's Lynn Grammar School in Norfolk. At the age of seventeen he studied medicine. His first experience in medicine mediated him William Wade of the Westminster General Dispensary in Gerrard Street in Soho London. He studied anatomy under George Derby Dermott (1802–1847) at Hunterian Medical School at the Great Windmill Street, and later gained a reputation for a prosector. He was married, in August 1846, to Harriet (née Holmes), daughter of Nathaniel Holmes. They had nine children together, including economic historian Arnold Toynbee (1852–1883), and daughter Grace (née Toynbee), who married Percy Faraday Frankland in 1882. Another son, Harry Valpy Toynbee (1861–1941), was the father of universal historian Arnold J. Toynbee, and archaeologist and art historian Jocelyn Toynbee. He died in July 1866 while conducting experiments with prussic acid and chloroform as a remedy for tinnitus. Either one of these substances or their combination are responsible for his death. He was buried at St Mary's Church, Wimbledon. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Joseph Toynbee」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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